Recent developments at the American Society for Psychical Research

There have been some developments, generally positive for a change, at the American Society for Psychical Research in the last twelve months, and I thought it worth pulling these together. The major news items are, of course, the move to the Interchurch Center in Manhattan, New York City, which I heard about in July 2025 and which took place in late September/early October of that year, and now the sudden appearance of a greatly improved website.

In May 2025, Skeptical Inquirer columnist Stuart Vyse got in touch to say he was considering a piece on the ASPR. Writing before news of the move broke, he produced an article in the September/October 2025 issue of Skeptical Inquirer, ‘The Demise of the American Society for Psychical Research’ (a premature assessment, as it turned out). He had attempted to make contact with the ASPR for six months, to no avail, and decided to take a deeper look.

He recounts his efforts to access the archive, going so far as to stump up the $100 membership fee – a heroic act of hope over experience (he describes the old website as looking “like it was built back when we were all using Netscape browser”). He adds: “The only acknowledgment of membership was an email receipt from PayPal. I did, however, receive a late-December email from the president of ASPR [i.e. Nancy Sondow] urging me to consider a tax-deductible year-end donation.” Old habits die hard, it seems. Surprisingly, he received a 15-minute phone call from Executive Director Patrice Keane about his archival enquiry, so his $100 got him something, but naturally nothing came of it.

Delving into the murky finances in recent years, he concludes that the state of affairs is a tragedy, whatever one’s attitude towards the subject matter the ASPR was set up to study. He notes it played a significant role in the development of psychology and wider cultural movements in the United States during the late nineteenth/early twentieth centuries. Its archive reflects this importance, yet as his experience demonstrated, there was no way to know what material is held there and no way to access it. He felt the responsible course of action would have been to either donate the archive to an established library, as the Parapsychological Foundation had to the University of Maryland Baltimore County, or deposit it while retaining ownership, as the Society for Psychical Research in the UK has done, placing its print archive at Cambridge University Library.

This situation was about to change. In October 2025 I wrote ‘The American Society for Psychical Research has a New Address’, dealing with the very quiet move into the Interchurch Center. As no further information was available, it was impossible to know whether this meant the library and archive were going to be available to researchers, or what other services might be provided, such as publications and a lecture programme. One concern was the reduction in space available compared to the old building, and whether this would necessitate disposing of material. Another was the financial position. While a positive sign, having premises did not necessarily mean the ASPR was on a sound footing.

Curious as to what kind of reception would-be visitors might expect to receive, in December 2025 I wrote to the general ASPR email address (using a pseudonym) asking if the library was open to members and non-members (though there cannot be many of the former at present – possibly just Stuart Vyse!). Not receiving a response, I wrote again at the beginning of January 2026, and to my surprise in the middle of the month I received a reply from Junelle James, the recently-appointed “Archival and Information Resource Manager”. She said she would review my request with her director (i.e. Patrice Keane). The appointment of an Archival and Information Resource Manager sounded a step in the right direction.

A week later I was offered an appointment, in late March (the delay was presumably due to the archive being disorganised after having been shifted from the lovely Strasburger House into storage, and then into the relatively soulless Interchurch Center), Accompanying it was a form to fill in with details of my affiliation, publications and, curiously, including “Please describe how, when and where you intend to use the materials from the ASPR” (italics in original). This is the first time I have been asked to provide such information when accessing a library or archive, and struck me as somewhat sinister. Would the wrong answer result in being refused admission?

In April 2026, Vyse, having finally gained access, told me about two afternoons he had spent undertaking research at the new HQ. He met Nancy Sondow and Patrice Keane, which confirmed they were still active and in charge. The atmosphere was friendly. He said the archive, as I had surmised, still needed work to put it in order and make it fully accessible. The boxes only had brief descriptions, making it difficult to determine what they contained.

So his visit helped allay fears and confirm that the archive was safe and, in theory, available to researchers. This is good to hear, though I was still unclear whether the entire archive is now housed in the ASPR’s suite. I had posted about the opening on the Society for Psychical Research’s social media outlets and the Charles Fort Institute website, asking any visitors to let me know how it went, but did not receive further feedback. That was to be expected, with few visitors initially, though numbers could be expected to increase as the news circulated.

Also in April 2026, French-Algerian artist Abdelkader Benchamma announced that he planned a residency at Villa Albertine in New York, beginning in September. Villa Albertine is an arm of the French Embassy in the United States promoting cultural dialogue between the two countries. He wrote on the Villa Albertine website that, “I recently contacted the ASPR based in New York. This research center, which boasts an extensive archive and a specialized library, houses numerous documents related to parapsychological phenomena. The ASPR has agreed to grant me access to these resources to further my research.” This suggests, a renewed commitment to public engagement, and we’ll see in due course how far the collaboration extends.

In July 2026 James A. Conrad and I were approached by Lisette Voytko, a UK-based American journalist who has written for Forbes among other outlets, and who was planning to look at the ASPR for her ‘Ghost Notes’ Substack. The first article in a proposed series, ‘A Tale of Two Paranormal Societies: The Cost of Standing Still’, appeared in mid-July, contrasting the SPR’s thriving programme of activities with the moribund ASPR. Summing up the ASPR’s inactivity, she points out that “Its website has never been updated – both design and user experience – since its first capture on the Wayback Machine in 1998. (Nearly 30 years ago!) There is zero online repository of research or its academic journals.” We were definitely in Netscape territory.

She highlights the historical connection of the ASPR with Columbia University in the figure of psychical researcher James Hyslop (1854-1920), who was a professor at Columbia, and more tangentially with the 1984 Ghostbusters, parts of which were filmed there and starred sometime ASPR member Dan Aykroyd. It is fitting that the Interchurch Center is located close to the university, and perhaps this is an opportunity for them to reestablish their links. There was a hint the new website was on its way: “In response to questions sent by email, a generic inbox account for the American group replied: ‘Our enhanced website will be available soon...’” At that point I found it hard to believe.

A second article by Voytko, ‘Inside the Fight for America’s Paranormal History’, was published in August 2026. It focuses on the archive’s frustrating non-availability to researchers over the years, and concerns about the conditions in which it was being stored. Like Vyse, she points out, its contents are relevant to a much wider range of scholars than those whose focus is psychical research (the same is true for the SPR), and argued that the inaccessibility of documents may prevent them from reaching a full understanding of their objects of study.

She had heard from a number of individuals who recounted frustration trying to use the old library and dealing with Patrice Keane, including the startling remark that she fended off certain requests for access to material by claiming some of the paperwork was contaminated with radioactivity. The person recounting this gem was dubious about its veracity. Also interviewed was Jim Matlock, who according to his entry in the SPR’s Psi Encyclopedia had worked for the ASPR from 1985-9 as archivist and librarian, and Vyse, who describes his visit to the new library.

Unlike Cambridge University Library’s relaxed rules to photographing documents for private study, Vyse told Voytko he was not allowed to take pictures, and he stresses the lack of organisation of the collection, plus inadequate listing which relies on paper rather than a computerised database. Another interviewee states that often inaccessibility, or problems using an archive, stems from a lack of staff. It is a fair point, along with underinvestment in technology. The truth is, though, that the ASPR did at one time have the money to employ archivists and put money into cataloguing, but chose not to do so. The situation may change with the addition of the Archival and Information Resource Manager, but with only one staff member dedicated to the task, progress will still be slow.

Then in mid-October 2026, without fanfare, the website went live, and was greeted with a huge amount of surprise from those who had been following the story. As to why the ASPR had lurched back from apparent death, mixed in with hope for the future there was some scepticism that this would lead to a full resurrection: it continued to be run by the same people who had fallen short so notably in their stewardship previously. After I posted the news on the SPR’s social media outlets, one commenter thought that perhaps having moved from a rented mailbox to actual premises, the New York Charities Bureau might expect them to have a website so they could show the world they still existed.

Assessing the website, the first thing to say is that we are finally out of the Netscape era, with a clean look, though personally I am not a fan of these pages where it is necessary to scroll down to see content. I was told by someone who had looked the website over that it required further coding work as there were scrolling problems in the Firefox browser, both desktop (Windows 11) and mobile app (Android); I’m sure teething problem will be fixed in time.

What about the content? The old logo has been retained. On the home page, next to a link to “Our mission”, is a one to “Test your ESP”, actually just for precognition. Those trying it shouldn’t take it too seriously, and I wondered why it was given such a prominent placement. The Society’s illustrious history is heavily emphasised, with photographs of eminent past members and brief profiles. Chester Carlson, who provided the funds to purchase the Strasburger building, is included, which to my mind felt vaguely insulting to the poor man, seeing what happened to his generosity.

There are documents, tantalising glimpses of the archive, and photographs of the library, a pleasant room, the walls lined with open-access bookcases. The section on the “library and archives” claims the “library is constantly growing as new collections are added,” though it seems unlikely much has been added in the last few years. Reassuringly, we are told that “The archives are a priceless, irreplaceable treasure that continue to be preserved and protected for future generations.” 

Along with some of the research the organisation carried out in its heyday, we learn that “The ASPR conducts experimental studies of telepathy and precognition including the Ganzfeld, a free-response method conducted in the Society’s laboratory.” Use of the present tense is intriguing, but it is hard to believe they squeezed a lab into the floor space, and even harder to believe research is being actively pursued, with no hint of opportunities to participate circulated openly. Yet the contact section invites enquirers to visit “the library, archives, laboratory, and offices by appointment.” Again, it is early days, and perhaps there will be a renewed research programme.

A selection of articles from the Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research range from the 1880s to the early 2000s. Annoyingly, they are defaced by a faint ASPR copyright paragraph running repeatedly diagonally across all the pages, making reading them a chore. As there are only 158 of them at the moment, it’s a top slice, but perhaps this number will grow (it is worth pointing out that the online International Association for the Preservation of Spiritualist and Occult Periodicals contains the ASPR’s Proceedings from 1885 to 1952 and Journal from 1907 to 1956). Links to the two videos of Sondow’s talks on YouTube have cleaned-up transcripts. Members of the public are still able to “share your experience”, though without the equivalent of the SPR’s Spontaneous Cases Committee handling them, it is anyone’s guess what will happen to the submissions.

Putting on a lecture programme is a bold move, as critics could come merely to raise points unsympathetic to the management. So far, speakers are being drawn from in-house personnel: Nancy Sondow on ‘ESP and Varieties of Consciousness’ (27 October 2026); Junelle James on ‘An Afternoon with the Archive: Spirit Drawings and the Unconscious Mind’ (4 November 2026); and Patrice Keane on ‘Altered States and Healing’ (18 November 2026). This is a genuinely exciting development, and I hope talks will be filmed. I would particularly like to watch James’s dip into the archive. Perhaps this is the start of a regular series, eventually featuring outside speakers. As ever, feedback on this, or any other aspect of the ASPR, is most welcome.

The terms of service and privacy pages, dated 12 August 2026 at this writing, are admirably thorough. The claim on the library and archives page that “The ASPR is a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt non-profit organization that has served public and professional audiences for more than a century” is probably accurate if one deducts the period the ASPR was ‘offline’ in its 141-year history, though it is disingenuous to make it sound like a positive.

There are some omissions. Notably absent is a list of the staff and trustees, and the financial statements, though to include those might lead to awkward questions directed at Sondow and Keane. A search button is desirable to aid navigation. Most importantly, there is as yet no way to become a member. The ‘Membership and participation’ page states, somewhat inelegantly, that “Online paid membership enrollment is currently paused. For current membership information, contact the Society. Rates and benefits listed on the former website should not be treated as current offers.” The organisation may have a board of trustees, at least on paper, but it still has no democratic structures and to all appearances remains a fiefdom. Who knows when enrolments will begin – but then, at one time we would have said the same about new premises and website.

Remaining optimistic, perhaps if enough people do express an interest in becoming a member, they may be able to help encourage the present administration to broaden the Society’s base and stimulate it into becoming more like its UK counterpart. Having a membership would bring in the funds necessary to resume a publications programme, notably its flagship Journal, and more hands to work on the archive. The website is a significant step in the ASPR's journey, but it remains to be seen if content is added on a regular basis, perhaps expanding from a focus on the ASPR’s history and assets to an engagement with the wider field of psychical research. It’s still early days, and while there is clearly much to do to reestablish the ASPR in the position it once held, the future is looking brighter than it has for a very long time.

References

‘Abdelkader Benchamma’ (Spring 2026) Villa Albertine: Residents, Spring (April). Available at: https://villa-albertine.org/va/residents/abdelkader-benchamma/ (Accessed: 18 October 2026).

Ruffles, Tom (21 October 2025) ‘The American Society for Psychical Research Has a New Address’. Available at: https://tomruffles.blogspot.com/2025/10/the-american-society-for-psychical.html.

Ruffles, Tom and Conrad, James A. (22 February 2025) ‘What’s Next for the American Society for Psychical Research?’ Available at: https://tomruffles.blogspot.com/2025/02/whats-next-for-american-society-for_22.html.

Voytko, Lisette (17 July 2026) ‘A Tale of Two Paranormal Societies: The Cost of Standing Still’. Available at: https://www.ghostnotes.press/p/a-tale-of-two-paranormal-societies (Accessed: 19 October 2026).

Voytko, Lisette (14 August 2026) ‘Inside the Fight for America’s Paranormal History’. Available at: https://www.ghostnotes.press/p/aspr-library (Accessed 19 October 2026).

Vyse, Stuart (2025) ‘The Demise of the American Society for Psychical Research’, Skeptical Inquirer, 49(5), September/October. Published online: 12 May 2026; available at: https://skepticalinquirer.org/exclusive/the-demise-of-the-american-society-for-psychical-research/ (Accessed: 18 October 2026).

Wehrstein, K M (2019) ‘James G. Matlock’, Psi Encyclopedia. Created 5 August 2019; last updated 22 September 2026. Available at: https://psi-encyclopedia.spr.ac.uk/articles/james-g-matlock/.

Jacques Henri Lartigue: Life in Colour, at the MK Gallery, Milton Keynes

Jacques Henri Lartigue (1894-1986) is mostly known for his black-and-white photographs. These have an ability to make the past look enviable: the motor cars, aeroplanes, the seaside holidays, the pet dogs, sport and the elegant Parisians (and especially the Parisennes); a place and time apparently possessed of unlimited sunshine and leisure. Even when technically imperfect, Lartigue draws the viewer in. Jacques Henri Lartigue: Life in Colour, at the MK Gallery in Milton Keynes, adds a further dimension to the familiar picture, demonstrating that colour was not an incidental aspect of his career but a recurring interest. Along with the prints there are stereo autochromes (a selection of which were for me the highlight of the show), lightboxes and projected images, as well as some of his fashion drawings. He flirted with abstraction and combining his interests in photography and painting.

Lartigue started taking pictures early, and never lost the habit. His father, who we learn was during Lartigue’s childhood the eighth richest man in France, gave him his first camera when he was under 10, so Jacques was photographing from childhood, recording his milieu. It quickly becomes clear he was not a dullard snapshooter but a persistent experimenter. His fascination with movement is particularly striking. He was attracted to things already in the process of disappearing, such as a car passing, a body jumping, a dress blowing in the wind, arresting the moment before it was gone (the exhibition aptly makes the comparison with Henri Cartier-Bresson’s decisive moment). In these he shows a modernist sensibility.

He began making autochromes in 1912, abandoning the process in the late 1920s because the length of exposure required the subject to be static. He briefly resumed making autochromes on a flexible base in 1946, presumably Lumicolor, before switching to colour transparency film in about 1949-50. Ektachrome and Kodachrome introduced a lusher dimension to the graphic economy of the black-and-white work. Looking at his career as a whole, it seems less a case of a brilliant youth followed by decades of repetition than of an artist returning to familiar themes and finding new ways of seeing them. The exhibition makes this apparent by pairing thematically related images in both black and white and colour taken decades apart.

Ther is though, I think, a caveat. Before he was obliged to take commissions he was free to photograph what interested him. When he had to make a living as his family’s fortunes declined, much of the work became more studied, with commercial outlets in mind. He remained a fine photographer, with a creative eye, but he lost a certain joie de vivre he had when he was able to play around with nobody to please but himself. I did, though, like the fact that when commissioned by the magazine Point de Vue to photograph the 1956 Grace Kelly/Prince Rainier wedding he subversively concentrated on the crowds and other photographers, rather than the happy couple – unsurprisingly, his pictures were not published.

Still, why colour Lartigue has been largely neglected is a puzzle. As far back as 1980 he produced a book on his autochromes (translated into English by Brian Coe and published in the UK the following year). More recently, Martine d’Astier and Martine Ravache compiled a book in French which was translated into English as Lartigue: A Life in Colour, on the back of an exhibition in Paris in 2015. Flammarion issued a budget-priced book including colour in 2019. In 2024, Atelier EXB published The Proof of Color, containing Lartigue’s 90 surviving autochromes. But it is as if we have to discover this aspect anew.

So the gallery has done a valuable service in highlighting this significant part of his oeuvre, and for those willing to be seduced it is hard to resist the show’s charms. It sends the visitor out of the peaceful gallery into an unglamorous Milton Keynes Lartigue would undoubtedly have avoided, with a suspicion that one has been looking at the world too seriously and, like Lartigue, should seek out the playful. MK Gallery has done a good job in bringing this relatively unfamiliar Lartigue to Britain.

Mounted in collaboration with the Association des Amis de Jacques Henri Lartigue, the French Ministry of Culture and diChroma photography, the exhibition runs from 20 June to 4 October 2026.

 

References

d’Astier, Martine and Ravache, Martine. (2015) Lartigue: A Life in Colour. New York: Abrams.

Donation Jacques Henri Lartigue. (2019) Jacques Henri Lartigue. Flammarion.

Lartigue, Jacques Henri. (1981) The Autochromes of J. H. Lartigue, 1912–1927. Translated by Brian W Coe. London: Ash & Grant.

Lartigue, Jacques-Henri. (2024) Jacques-Henri Lartigue: The Proof of Color. Edited by Marion Perceval and Kevin Moore. Paris: Atelier EXB.

The SPR’s 48th International Annual Conference, 2025: The Online Experience

I attended the 2025 Society for Psychical Research conference, held at Milton House, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, on 18-19 October, remotely via Zoom. The editor of The Magazine of the Society for Psychical Research, Gordon Rutter, asked me to contribute a short account of the online experience to accompany the main conference report. I did so, but rather than being included as a separate item my contribution was appended to a lengthy article produced by several individuals, with the result that I ended up as one of its co-authors.

My section, lightly edited, concludes the report, but I thought I would reproduce it here, as submitted, so that it is clear which part I am responsible for. (Despite the cover stating 2025, the issue was published in 2026, as indicated by the copyright date on p. 2.)

Reference

Ison, Debbie, Turnbull, Emily, Hopkins, Matthew, Ruffles, Tom and Rutter, Gordon (2026) ‘48th SPR International Annual Conference 2025’, The Magazine of the Society for Psychical Research, 17, pp. 19–26.

 

In addition to in-person attendance, the conference was accessible via Zoom for those who could not make the journey to Abingdon.  There are advantages not having to travel to a conference venue, in terms of both cost and time.  Another plus is that recordings are made available afterwards, so it is not necessary to set aside the entire weekend – useful for those who have other commitments, or who live in time zones where live sessions would entail a very early start or late finish.

There was a slightly shaky start to the first session, but sound and screen-sharing issues were quickly resolved and those tuning in remotely were able to enjoy the talks as if they were present in the room.  Thanks are due to the technical team whose efforts ensured a smooth and enjoyable experience: Ashley Knibb, Gwen Bagni (the human interface with the online audience), and Marta Mellifluous.  It was possible to submit questions through Zoom’s chat function, and all those asked by the online audience were answered, not always the case with hybrid conferences.

There are of course some differences.  Foremost among these is the loss of the social aspect: the absence of informal networking and opportunities to make new friends, an important part of any such meeting.   A couple of speakers requested their slides not be shared online, only projected in the room, meaning they were difficult for the online viewers to read.  Gary Lachman's Saturday after-dinner talk was not on Zoom, though it was recorded and will be available later.  Similarly, we missed out on Melvyn Willin’s musical contribution, which has long been a key element of the conference, as well as the rather fetching tote bags produced for the event.

In sum, I would recommend Zoom as an excellent substitute for the full in-person experience.  While it cannot fully replicate actually being there, it nonetheless enables those who, for whatever reason, would otherwise be unable to participate directly to share in this major gathering of SPR members, hear the fascinating range of presentations, and come away enriched.

Haunted Histories: Trinity and the Search for Life after Death, 1850-1950

Trinity College, Cambridge, has long been associated with psychical research (as indeed has Cambridge University more widely). In a paper based on a talk given at the Second International Society for Psychical Research Conference, held at Trinity College in March 1978, Alan Gauld began by stating that “There was a time – just about within living memory – when Cambridge, and particularly Trinity, was the undoubted centre of the parapsychological world.” Four years later the SPR was back at Trinity for its Centenary Jubilee Conference, held in conjunction with the Parapsychological Association, reinforcing the relationship between the Society for Psychical Research (SPR) and Cambridge.

Significant members of the SPR associated with Trinity who will be well known to psychical researchers, and some more widely, include Henry Sidgwick, F W H Myers, Edmund Gurney, Richard Hodgson, Arthur Balfour, John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, Walter Leaf, Arthur Woollgar Verrall, Gerald Balfour, Everard Feilding, J J Thomson, W H Salter, Robert Strutt, 4th Baron Rayleigh, C D Broad, A R G Owen, Peter Fenwick, Brian Josephson and Bernard Carr. Of these, Sidgwick, Myers and Gurney are particularly notable as the driving force of the SPR in its early days.

As an indication of the influence of this group, of these members the following served terms as president of the SPR:  Henry Sidgwick 1882-1884 and 1888-1892; Frederic Myers 1900; Arthur Balfour 1893; 3rd Baron Rayleigh 1919 (plus the Nobel prize for Physics in 1904); Gerald Balfour 1906-07; W H Salter 1947-48; 4th Baron Rayleigh 1937-38; C D Broad 1935-36 and 1958-60; and Bernard Carr 2000-2004. J J Thomson never served as president, but as a consolation he was awarded the Nobel prize for Physics in 1906.

Now there is a small exhibition at the Wren Library, Trinity College, from 24 June to 18 September, Haunted Histories: Trinity and the Search for Life after Death, 1850-1950. Entry is free, Monday-Friday, 12.00-2.00 pm. It has been put together by Zoe Zimmer as a trainee librarianship project, and although occupying only four cases it is worth a visit if one is in the area. The contents draw on Trinity’s library and archive (the main SPR paper archive is held at Cambridge University Library) to highlight its holdings on Spiritualism and psychical research. Some of the publications have been selected as much for their attractiveness as for their historical value (and are guaranteed to make the bibliophile salivate), but those on display represent a tiny fraction of the college’s collection.

The first case looks at nineteenth-century Spiritualism. As well as contextual information on the rise of modern Spiritualism after 1848, and noting the facilitation of its dissemination by the spread of print media, there are copies of a number of representative books from the period: Benjamin Coleman’s Spiritualism in America (1861), Samuel Guppy’s Mary Jane; or, Spiritualism Chemically Explained (1863), J H Powell’s Spiritualism: Its Facts and Phases (1864), Edward Cox’s Spiritualism Answered by Science (1872), Allan Kardec’s Experimental Spiritism: The Medium’s Book (1876), and N B Wolfe’s Startling Facts in Modern Spiritualism (1883).

Case two contains more manuscript material than books. It covers SPR founders Sidgwick, Myers and Gurney, all fellows of Trinity, charting their developing interest in examining Spiritualism prior to the establishment of the SPR in 1882. They were towering figures in the history of the Society, whose like we will probably not see again, though I doubt they would have appreciated the caption title ‘supernatural scholars’. Nor would they have been pleased to see a copy of Trevor Hall’s hatchet job The Strange Case of Edmund Gurney (1964), open at Gurney’s portrait. A folding double frame contains two portraits of Myers at different stages of life, the wild young romantic clutching his head contrasting with the staid serious middle-aged thinker staring into the distance. A photograph of Sidgwick with his large unkempt beard completes the triumvirate.

An 1867 letter from Sidgwick to his mother discusses the importance of the study of Spiritualism, and another of his to her from 1874 describes staying with Lord Rayleigh (i.e. the third Baron) to meet one of the Fox sisters, who were such important, if controversial, figures in the development of Spiritualism. An 1874 letter from Sidgwick to Myers discusses Gurney’s willingness to participate in an investigation of Spiritualism, and an 1875 letter from the Master of Trinity, W H Thompson, to Sidgwick, on mourning stationery, says he will not obstruct Sidgwick’s investigations. The case is completed by a copy of J J Thomson’s 1936 autobiography Recollections and Reflections, open at the chapter devoted to psychical research. Thomson had been persuaded by Myers to attend séances in the 1890s, but had found the results disappointing – either nothing happened, or there was a strong suspicion of fraud.

The third case mostly focuses on the SPR, though it fits in a pair of spirit photographs, taken at a séances attended by Myers, showing crudely executed extras. A handwritten account of a séances Myers attended, probably in 1875, is written up in Sidgwick’s hand. Often popular histories of the SPR focus on the Cambridge connection and omit those outside that circle who also made a contribution to the SPR’s formation, in order to downplay the Spiritualist element present in the Society’s first years. Chief among these were Edmund Dawson Rogers and William Barrett. Here, Rogers is not name-checked but Barrett is, with a form letter sent by Barrett in December 1881 to Trinity alumnus Lord Houghton proposing to hold a meeting to discuss the feasibility of an organisation devoted to the subject; Lord Houghton became a member, one of a number of eminent individuals.

A caption describes the foundation, though it states that Sidgwick held the presidency for 18 years. He died 18 years after the SPR was constituted in February 1882, in 1900. The first volumes of the SPR’s Proceedings and Journal (the latter distributed to members only) are shown, and finally the first volume of the book that immortalised the names of Gurney, Myers and Frank Podmore: Phantasms of the Living (1886). Gurney died two years later, robbing psychical research of one of its most significant contributors. A QR code links to the Cambridge University Library catalogue, mentioning that the library holds the bulk of the SPR archive (still owned by the SPR).

The final case brings the story up to the mid-twentieth century. It begins with the papers of William Henry Salter which he donated to Trinity, dealing with automatic writing, notably the cross-correspondences. These are interrelated messages received through mediums working independently, frequently containing classical allusions. They appear to form a coherent whole only when combined, indicating the presence of a guiding personality communicating through the mediums. A 1963 letter from Salter to Broad says he is writing to the Master of Trinity asking if the college would take charge of his set of volumes of the printed scripts and papers (it did, fortunately). A 1901 automatic script produced by Margaret Verrall (the wife of a Trinity fellow and Salter’s mother-in-law) is shown, along with the portrait of Salter accompanying Broad’s obituary of him, published in a 1970 issue of the SPR’s Journal. An early volume dealing with the cross-correspondences, Herbert Saltmarsh’s Evidence of Personal Survival from Cross-Correspondences (1938) is displayed, along with one of Broad’s psychical research notebooks.

A label describes the Perrott-Warrick Fund, which is administered by Trinity. It supports psychical research from bequests made by Frank Perrott in 1937 and Frederic Warrick in 1956, addressing the areas also covered by the SPR’s two funds: general psi and the continuation of consciousness after death. Additionally, both Broad and Warrick donated books to Trinity. Cumulatively, the bequests and donations made Trinity a meaningful presence in psychical research. A letter from Warrick to Broad, written in August 1945, refers to his use of photomicrography to analyse “streaks” recorded on photographic plates in experiments with mediums. The exhibition concludes with two photographs: a group photograph taken during an invitation-only psychical research conference held at Newnham in 1955, relevant because of the presence of Broad, though presumably the college has images taken during the conferences held at Trinity (one from the 1982 centenary conference would have been nice, though well outside the exhibition title’s dates); and a snapshot of Broad standing in the Great Court at Trinity, rounding off a small but enjoyable reminder of the College’s long association with psychical research.

Folder from the 1982 conference. Author’s collection

If contemplating a visit, it is worth bearing in mind that the Wren Library is a tourist attraction, and numbers entering are limited – it is after all a working library – so there may be a wait to get in. However, for those not able to attend the exhibition, Zoe Zimmer is planning to digitise it for the library’s website. To anyone who has not been I can recommend the experience, both because it is a beautiful library, and reaching it involves a short walk along the Trinity side of the Cam running along the Backs.

 

Coincidentally, a couple of days after my visit I came across an online article by Lydia Wilson, ‘Parapsychology Is Coming in From the Cold’, with the optimistic subtitle, ‘The University of Cambridge is home to an archive and a fellowship for psychical research – an area gaining ground, even in the mainstream’. This refers to the SPR’s archive held at Cambridge University Library (CUL), and Wilson covers, in a positive manner, a variety of topics relating to the SPR and psychical research. However, I took issue with one statement: ‘There was already a substantial archive [in CUL], and it was gradually growing as the society [i.e. SPR] sorted through their own holdings.’

The phrase ‘their own holdings’ implies that the collection held at CUL no longer belongs to the SPR, whereas it has to be emphasised that the SPR still owns it. Authors occasionally make this mistake, and it seems that sometimes the University does little to disabuse them, so that it has been known for books using SPR material to include thanks to the Syndics of Cambridge University Library for permission to reproduce it, rather than the SPR. This does not apply to the Wren Library, which is the owner of its holdings in psychical research.

 

References

Gauld, Alan. (1978) 'Psychical Research in Cambridge from the Seventeenth Century to the Present', Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, 49(778), pp. 925–937.

Wilson, Lydia. (2026) 'Parapsychology is Coming in from the Cold', New Lines Magazine, 17 July. Available at: https://newlinesmag.com/essays/parapsychology-is-coming-in-from-the-cold/ (Accessed: 18 July 2026).

A New Editor of the Society for Psychical Research’s Psi Encyclopedia

I’ve reported a couple of times on the Society for Psychical Research’s online Psi Encyclopedia (PE), designed to be a more reliable guide than Wikipedia to subjects which fall within psychical research. Under the able guidance of its first editor, Robert McLuhan, it grew in size until, as chair of the Education and Publicity Committee Bernard Carr stated in his contribution to the SPR’s 2024/25 annual Report, it contains almost two million words (and is still growing).

It was recently given a makeover as the original platform, inaugurated in 2014, was creaking with age. The new version offers a more up-to-date look and enhanced accessibility of topics, both within the PE and to articles in the SPR’s Journal and Proceedings via a ‘links library’. Unfortunately, the ability to download files as PDFs and epubs has disappeared, but I have been told that it requires a plug-in which will be reinstalled shortly. I personally like to transfer articles to an e-reader, so will be pleased when that happens.

Bernard Carr added in his report that “The founding editor, Robert McLuhan, is moving on and the name of his successor will be announced shortly.”  A new editor has now been appointed, but the transfer was low-key and no announcement was made. The current ‘About’ section of the PE states:

“The PE was created by Robert McLuhan, who edited it until April 2026, when he was succeeded by James G Matlock as General Editor and a team of Associate Editors (Nemo Mörck, KM Wehrstein, Melvyn Willin and Nancy L Zingrone). The site was developed by Ian Rons and Circle Interactive and is currently under the management of James Matlock and Hugh Matlock. Its initial funding came a bequest [sic] from Nigel Buckmaster, a long-time member of the SPR.”

Jim Matlock is a Research Fellow at the Parapsychology Foundation and is best known for his work on reincarnation. He has gathered a useful group of associates, which acknowledges that the size and scope of the project are too great for one person to manage with only ad-hoc assistance. Nemo Mörck is the SPR’s website content manager and Journal reviews editor; Karen (now known as KM) Wehrstein has been a prolific contributor to the encyclopaedia, mostly in, but not confined to, the field of reincarnation (she wrote the PE entry on Matlock); Melvyn Willin is the SPR’s archives officer, custodian of the Society’s AV collection, and a frequent PE contributor; Nancy Zingrone is an eminent parapsychologist with a longstanding connection to the Parapsychology Foundation, and also with a PE page devoted to her (co-written by Matlock).

One obvious point is that, of the new team, only one member is based in the UK, while two are in the United States, one is in Canada and one is in Sweden. The style guide for contributors states that the PE adheres to British English standards – with the minor exception of most hyphenated words – so one hopes Americanisms will not creep in (though the paragraph following this reassurance begins with the word “Organize”). However, the expertise assembled bodes well for the future of the project as a dependable source of information, provided that no difficulties arise from perceived conflicts of interest, such as the one that occurred during the final weeks of McLuhan’s tenure.

This concerned the PE entry on Eileen Garrett, founder of the Parapsychology Foundation, which was written by Matlock. There have been two recent books critical of some of the assertions Garrett made about herself (their very titles alluding to deception), but one of these, by Lis Warwood, was only listed in the bibliography and not referred to in the text, while the other, by Julie Coyle, was mentioned briefly in passing, with no elucidation of her claims. Any rounded portrait of Garrett should have included discussion of these authors’ findings, though it is understandable there might be discomfort in the Parapsychology Foundation camp at having them aired. After disquiet about potential bias was raised on Facebook the article was withdrawn, and a revised version is awaited with interest. In the meantime, there is an article in the PE about the Parapsychology Foundation, co-written by Matlock.

 

Update 6 May 2026:

The new Psi Encyclopedia regime has now been announced to the world on social media, so it has not been quite as quiet a transfer as I had thought it would be, and to mark the changing of the guard the website has some additions. Firstly, in recognition that the funds from the Buckmaster bequest used to support the project have now diminished substantially, a page soliciting donations has been introduced. This is an excellent idea, and I hope some of those who benefit from its information will feel moved to give something, though as the regular Wikipedia appeals indicate, obtaining money from users is not always easy.

Another innovation is a bi-weekly ‘Editors’ Blog’, the first instalment of which was penned by Jim Matlock and dated 4 May, which I think gives a good idea of his vision for the PE. For a start, he doesn’t seem to be in sympathy with the term psychical research, referring to “academic parapsychology, which until the 1930s was better known as psychical research.”  This suggests that psychical research as a term is redundant and has been completely superseded by parapsychology, whereas in practice the two co-exist, albeit uneasily.

Before stressing the continuity in aims for the Encyclopedia, he announces two more names on the editorial team. In addition to the Associate Editors, there are two “staff writers”: Courtney Block and Roberto R Narváez. This brings the total of personnel working on the editorial side of the PE to seven, definitely a multinational group, but with three in the US, one in Canada, one in Mexico, one in Sweden, and only one in the UK. Hugh Matlock (Jim’s brother) is a software developer, which will be useful in keeping the look of the PE up to date.

Matlock refers to the SPR as the PE’s “sponsor” rather than owner, suggesting an element of autonomy. Actually, the PE currently falls within the remit of the SPR’s Buckmaster Oversight Committee, and when that eventually winds up it will come under the Education and Publicity Committee. Furthermore, the new Facebook page and Bluesky feed headers refer to ‘Psi Encyclopedia’ rather than ‘The SPR’s Psi Encyclopedia’, downplaying the association. These moves suggest a desire to create some distance between the Society and the PE, though when I raised the issue of the abbreviated title, Matlock pointed out that there were multiple references to the SPR within the PE, so the link was firmly visible to readers.

An alternative view is that no opportunity should be lost to emphasise the relationship. I have looked after the Psi Encyclopedia Twitter/X account since 2019 (shortly to be handed over to the editorial team) and was careful there, and in my other SPR social media activities, to ensure it was always referred to as the SPR’s Psi Encyclopedia. The connection may be shown within the PE, but when people are discussing its articles, that connection can become severed, so stressing the SPR at every opportunity is important. However, it is early days and the new team is still bedding in, so there may be refinements as it gains experience and obtains feedback on its efforts. The reservations above aside, there is a vigorous programme of new entries, and that is to be welcomed.

 

References

Carr, Bernard (2026) ‘Report of the Education and Publicity Committee’, Society for Psychical Research Annual Report 2024/25. Available at: https://www.spr.ac.uk/node/19834 (Accessed: 1 May 2026).

Coyle, Julie (2024) The Early Life of Irish Psychic and Trance Medium Eileen J. Garrett: Fact or Fabrication? Independently published.

Matlock, James G. (2026) ‘New Team, Old Direction’, Psi Encyclopedia. Available at: https://psi-encyclopedia.spr.ac.uk/2026/05/04/new-team-old-direction/ (Accessed 5 May 2026).

Psi Encyclopedia (no date) ‘About’. Available at: https://psi-encyclopedia.spr.ac.uk/about/ (Accessed: 1 May 2026).

Warwood, Elisabeth J. C. (2025) Behind the Medium's Mask: Eileen Garrett's Shadow Self. New Directions Network.